How Long Does Knee Replacement Surgery Take?
Planning for knee replacement surgery involves more than choosing a date. You may need to arrange time off work, organize help at home, and prepare for the first few days of recovery. Knowing how long the operation takes can make these decisions easier. How long does knee replacement surgery take? Most knee replacement procedures take around 1-3 hours, although some may take longer depending on the type of replacement and the complexity of the surgery. In this blog, you will learn what affects surgery time, how the procedure differs by type, and what to expect during the early stages of recovery.
How Long Does Knee Replacement Surgery Usually Take?
For most people, knee replacement surgery takes about 1-3 hours, although some procedures may take longer. That is just the time the surgeon spends working on your knee. Your day at the hospital will be longer because the nurses and anesthesia team need time to prepare you before the operation and monitor you while you wake up afterward.
Here is a rough idea of how the time adds up.
| Phase | Estimated Time |
|---|---|
| Hospital arrival and pre-op prep | 1-2 hours |
| Anesthesia administration | 15-30 minutes |
| Active surgical procedure | 1-3 hours, depending on the procedure |
| Recovery room monitoring | 1-2 hours |
These are general estimates rather than fixed times for every patient.
So if you are asking how long knee replacement surgery takes, it helps to think of it in two parts. One part is the operation. The other is the preparation and monitoring in the recovery room. Together, these stages can take several hours before you are moved to your hospital room. Your surgeon can give you a more specific estimate based on your condition and planned procedure.
How Long Does Partial or Total Knee Replacement Take?
A lot of people are surprised to learn that knee replacements aren’t all the same. The type of surgery you need affects how long you may spend in the operating room, so it helps to understand the differences.
Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
Total knee replacement generally takes about 2-3 hours. Your surgeon removes the damaged surfaces at the ends of the thigh bone and shin bone and fits the new implant in their place. If the underside of the kneecap is damaged, it may also be resurfaced during the operation. Because more of the joint is treated, this procedure can take longer than a partial knee replacement.
Partial Knee Replacement (PKR)
A partial knee replacement often takes about an hour. Only the damaged part of the knee is replaced, while the healthier parts of the joint are preserved. Some patients may recover more quickly with this option, but recovery varies from person to person.
Revision Knee Replacement
A revision is done when an existing knee implant needs to be replaced or repaired. The implant may have worn down, become loose, or developed an infection. These operations can take longer than a first knee replacement because the surgeon may need to remove the old implant and address damage to the surrounding bone or tissue before fitting a new one.
| Surgery Type | Average Duration |
|---|---|
| Partial knee replacement | Around 1 hour |
| Total knee replacement | Around 2-3 hours |
| Revision knee replacement | Varies and may take longer |
So, how long does knee replacement surgery take for your type of procedure? Treat these times as rough estimates. Once your surgeon has examined your knee and reviewed your scans, they can give you a clearer picture of what to expect.
What to Expect During Knee Replacement Surgery
Feeling nervous before surgery is normal. After asking how long does knee replacement surgery take, most people want to understand what actually happens in the operating room. Most people feel better once they know what the day involves, so let’s go through it in order.
Anesthesia
You will receive anesthesia before the surgery begins. Many patients have regional anesthesia, such as a spinal block, which numbs the lower part of the body. Sedation may also be given to help you feel relaxed. General anesthesia is another option if you need or prefer to be fully asleep. Your anesthesiologist will discuss the options with you and recommend an approach based on your health and surgical needs.
The Surgical Steps
Once you are comfortable, the surgeon makes an incision at the front of the knee to reach the joint. Damaged cartilage and bone are removed from the affected surfaces, and the bone is prepared for the implant. The artificial knee components are then fitted in place. If the back of the kneecap is worn by arthritis, it may also be resurfaced. The table below breaks the procedure into smaller steps.
| Step | What Happens |
|---|---|
| 1. Positioning and sterile prep | You are positioned on the operating table, and the leg is cleaned to reduce the risk of infection. |
| 2. Incision | The surgeon makes a cut at the front of the knee to reach the joint. |
| 3. Bone preparation | Damaged cartilage and a thin layer of bone are removed from the thigh bone and shin bone. |
| 4. Implant sizing | The surgeon selects implant components that fit your knee. |
| 5. Component placement | The metal components are fitted to the thigh bone and shin bone, with a plastic spacer between them. |
| 6. Kneecap resurfacing | The underside of the kneecap may be resurfaced if needed. |
| 7. Joint testing | The surgeon moves the new knee to check its movement and stability. |
| 8. Closing | The incision is closed with stitches, staples, or skin glue. |
Recovery Room
After surgery, you go to a recovery area. Nurses check your vital signs, pain level, and circulation. Once you are awake and your condition is stable, you may be moved to your hospital room or prepared to go home if your care team considers it safe. Many people begin standing or walking with assistance on the day of surgery or the following day. Your own timing depends on how you feel and what your surgical team advises.
What Factors Affect How Long Knee Replacement Surgery Takes?
If you are asking how long knee replacement surgery takes, the answer depends on several factors. The condition of your knee, the type of procedure, and the surgical approach can all affect the time needed. Your surgeon can explain which factors are most relevant to your case.
Type and Extent of Damage
The more complex the joint damage, the more work the surgeon may need to do. Significant bone loss, a visible deformity, or an old injury to the knee can add to the time needed for surgery.
Body Weight and BMI
Research suggests that knee replacement surgery may take longer in patients with a higher BMI. Extra tissue around the knee can make it harder for the surgeon to reach and work on the joint, which may add time to the procedure. However, BMI is only one factor and doesn’t determine the duration of every operation.
Surgical Approach
Some surgeons use smaller incisions as part of a minimally invasive approach. Whether this affects the duration depends on the patient's condition and the surgeon's experience with the technique. A smaller incision doesn’t automatically mean a shorter operation.
Robot-Assisted Technology
Robotic systems may involve additional planning and mapping before or during surgery. This can add time to the process. The actual duration depends on the system being used, the surgeon's approach, and the complexity of the case. Robotic assistance shouldn’t be treated as a guarantee of a shorter operation or faster recovery.
Surgical Team Experience
A team that regularly performs knee replacements may be familiar with each stage of the procedure. However, a complex or unusual case can take longer even when an experienced team performs the surgery.
Revision vs. Primary Surgery
Revision procedures often take longer than first-time knee replacements. The surgeon may need to remove the old implant and address bone loss, damaged tissue, or other problems before placing the new components.
| Factor | Impact on Surgery Duration |
|---|---|
| Higher BMI | May increase operating time |
| Severe joint damage or bone loss | Can add preparation time |
| Revision procedure | Often takes longer than a first surgery |
| Minimally invasive approach | Duration varies by patient and surgical technique |
| Robot-assisted surgery | Planning and mapping may add time |
| Surgical team experience | May help the procedure run more smoothly, although complex cases can still take longer |
How Long Does the Entire Knee Replacement Process Take?
Surgery day gets most of the attention, but it is only one part of the journey. The weeks leading up to the operation and the months after it usually take much longer. The full process can extend over several months, depending on your health and recovery.
Before Surgery
Before your surgery date, your orthopedic team will assess your health and make sure you are ready for the procedure. You may need blood tests, imaging, and other medical checks. Some patients may also be advised to begin physical therapy before surgery. The time required depends on your health and how soon the necessary appointments can be arranged.
Hospital Stay
After the operation, some patients go home the same day, while others stay in the hospital overnight or for 1-3 days. Your length of stay depends on your recovery, medical needs, and whether you can move around safely with the support you need.
Full Recovery
A complete recovery can take around a year. That doesn’t mean you will be unable to do your usual activities for the entire period. Many people return to everyday tasks gradually during the first several weeks, while strength and mobility continue to improve over the following months.
| Phase | Typical Timeframe |
|---|---|
| Pre-operative preparation | May begin several weeks before surgery |
| Day of surgery | Several hours for preparation, surgery, and recovery-room monitoring |
| Hospital stay | Same day to a few days, depending on individual needs |
| Initial recovery | Many everyday activities improve over the first 3-6 weeks |
| Return to driving | Often within a few weeks, once your surgeon approves |
| Return to desk work | Often within a few weeks, depending on the job and recovery |
| Return to physical activity | Gradual and based on your surgeon's advice |
| Full recovery | May take around 12 months |
These are general estimates, not deadlines. Your surgeon and physical therapist can help you understand which milestones are realistic for you.
How Soon Can You Walk After Knee Replacement Surgery?
Many patients want to know when they will be able to stand and walk again. Walking often begins sooner than people expect. A physical therapist may help you stand and take a few steps on the day of surgery or the next day, depending on your condition and the hospital's recovery plan. You will usually begin with a walker or crutches and gradually increase your activity as advised by your care team.
Walking Timeline by Week
First 24-48 Hours
Your first steps will usually be short and supported. A physical therapist or member of your care team will help you move safely. Early movement can help improve circulation and begin rebuilding mobility. Follow the instructions given by your surgical team.
Weeks 1-3
You may still need a walker during this period. Your knee may feel sore and swollen as it heals. Following your prescribed pain-management plan and resting with your leg raised may help you manage discomfort. Your physical therapist will advise you when it is appropriate to progress to a cane or another walking aid.
Weeks 4-6
Many people begin to notice improvements in movement during this period. Walking may feel easier, although stiffness, swelling, or discomfort can continue. Your ability to manage stairs and walk longer distances will depend on your progress and rehabilitation plan.
Months 3-6
By this stage, many patients have regained more strength and confidence when walking. You may be able to walk farther without becoming as tired, although progress varies. Continue following your exercise plan and your surgeon's advice.
Months 6-12
Some people continue to notice improvements in strength, balance, and walking comfort over several months. Others may need more time or continue to use an aid for certain activities. Progress depends on your condition before surgery and how your recovery develops.
| Recovery Milestone | Typical Timeframe |
|---|---|
| First steps with a walker | Often on the day of surgery or the following day, if medically appropriate |
| Progressing to a cane | Varies; some patients begin within the first few days |
| Beginning to manage stairs with support | Depends on mobility and the physical therapist's assessment |
| Walking without an assistive device | Many people progress over the first 6-12 weeks, but timing varies |
| Walking comfortably for longer distances | Often improves over several months |
| Walking without a noticeable limp | May take several months or longer |
Keep in mind that these ranges are only a guide. Your age, fitness before surgery, overall health, and rehabilitation plan can all affect your progress. Don’t compare your recovery too closely with someone else's. Follow your own care team's advice.
Conclusion
Once you know the answer to the question “How long does knee replacement surgery take?” it is just as important to understand what comes next. Your knee will need time to heal, and your progress will depend on your condition and rehabilitation plan. Before surgery, ask your surgeon how long your procedure may take and what your first few weeks of recovery could look like.
With CureMeAbroad, you can connect with trusted hospitals and experienced orthopedic specialists to discuss your treatment options and plan your next steps with greater confidence.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can both knees be replaced at the same time?
Yes, both knees can sometimes be replaced during the same operation, but this approach isn’t suitable for everyone. If you are considering having both knees replaced at once, you may wonder, “How long does knee replacement surgery take in this situation?” The procedure usually takes longer than a single knee replacement and may involve a more demanding early recovery. Your surgeon will assess your overall health, the risks involved, and whether replacing both knees at once is appropriate for you.
2. How long does a knee replacement last?
The lifespan of a knee implant varies. Many knee replacements last at least 15-20 years, although individual results differ. Your age, activity level, weight, and overall health can affect how long an implant lasts. Regular follow-up appointments help your surgeon monitor your knee and identify any problems.
3. How long does swelling last after knee replacement?
Some swelling is normal during recovery. It usually improves gradually, but mild swelling can continue for several months, especially after increased activity. Following your care team's instructions for rest, leg elevation, and exercise may help. If swelling suddenly worsens or you notice redness, warmth, fever, or other concerning symptoms, contact your surgical team promptly.
4. How soon can you fly after knee replacement surgery?
If you are having treatment abroad, ask your surgeon when it will be safe to fly home. The timing depends on your recovery, your risk of blood clots, and the length of your journey. Don’t assume that flying is safe after a fixed number of days or weeks. Your surgeon can advise you about the right timing and precautions for your situation.
5. Which symptoms after knee replacement need urgent care?
Some soreness, bruising, and swelling are expected after surgery. Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or a swollen and tender calf may indicate a blood clot and require urgent medical attention. A fever, spreading redness, or fluid coming from the wound may indicate an infection. Contact your surgical team promptly if you notice these signs, and seek emergency care for symptoms such as chest pain or sudden difficulty breathing. Follow the warning signs and contact instructions provided in your discharge papers.
References:
- Knee Replacement: Mayo Clinic: 2023
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276 - Knee Replacement (Arthroplasty): What It Is & Recovery Time: Cleveland Clinic: 2024
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8512-knee-replacement - What Does Life Look Like After a Knee Replacement?: Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS): Published 2019, updated periodically
https://www.hss.edu/health-library/conditions-and-treatments/life-after-knee-replacement - How Long Does It Take to Walk Normally After Total Knee Replacement?: Hinge Health: 2024
https://www.hingehealth.com/resources/articles/how-long-does-it-take-to-walk-normally-after-knee-replacement/ - The Length of Knee Replacement Surgery: Examine the Types and Things to Consider: Orlando Orthopaedic Center: 2024
https://www.orlandoortho.com/the-length-of-knee-replacement-surgery-examine-the-types-and-things-to-consider/
